What are the Differences between Acne and Pimples

People use acne and pimples as if they are the same thing.

In short, Acne comprises of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads and eventually, scarring.

Pimples are what come out once in a while, anyone can have it. An example is a woman in her mid-cycle, or someone using the wrong products for their skin type.

Acne is seen more as a cosmetic issue than medical. As such, Medical help is rarely sought for it. However, this should not be the case.

This skin condition is typically found on the face, shoulders and upper back. In severe cases. It has been linked to depression. It also affects one socially and psychologically.

What makes up Acne

1. Pimples

   They surface as a result of inflammation. In medical terms, they are called pustules, papules, nodules. These names vary according to the content(fluid, sebum, dead cells), what is covering them(skin, membrane), how deep they run and their sizes.



2. Blackheads

   These appear because of clogging of pores by dead cells and sebum in the outlet(orifice). Because of the build-up of sebum, dead cells get stuck together and form a plug. Blackheads are also known as open comedones.
   

3. Whiteheads

   These are formed due to blockage of pores by the build-up of sebum and dead cells in the deep part of the pores. They are also called closed comedones.



4. Scarring and sinus formation

   This occurs in the later stage. Scars are darkened marks left as a result of inflammation and subsequent healing. Dark skinned people are more affected by hyperpigmentation (skin darkening). In some forms of acne,
   
   Hole-like lesions called sinuses may form, this happens due to damage to the inner layer of the skin.

Background

• Increased sebum production

Sebum is an oily substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands to keep hair moisturized. In cases that result in acne, sebum production is increased. This results in a greasy/oily skin.

Hormonal imbalance is one of the culprits leading to increased sebum production. Therefore, this skin problem is mostly seen in puberty(teenage years where there is a surge of hormones like testosterone).

Both males and females are affected.

It usually resolves after the teenage years. However, it may persist on to adulthood.

Another condition that causes increased sebum production is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Medications and substances like lithium, oral contraceptives, oily cosmetics may also cause acne.

• Blocked Pores

By dead cells and excess sebum. The outcomes are whiteheads and blackheads. This stage is referred to as mild to moderate acne.

• Acne-causing bacteria

The name of the bacteria is Propionibacterium acnes.

It is important to keep the face clean and avoid habits such as touching the affected areas with dirty hands.

This organism (P.acnes) is normally found on(and in) the body as normal flora. It feeds on sebum, dead cells, etc. As a result, when there is blockage of the pores by dead cells and/or sebum, it grows, multiplies and spreads. It also releases its waste and causes cell damage, thereby causing inflammation. This inflammation is what we see as pimples.

Medications for Acne

It is important to consult a Doctor, more precisely a Dermatologist.  They give the best advice on the fastest and safest way to relieve it.

• Antibiotics: Are usually given in mild to moderate acne to fighting the acne-causing bacteria.

• Benzoyl peroxide: This is a topical agent. Read the instructions carefully before applying.

• Salicylic acid: Can be in the form of cleansing pads or topical ointment

• Isotretinoin: This is administered in severe cases of acne. It is NOT to be taken during pregnancy.

• Other agents: These are the washes, creams, toners, etc.

Thank You for reading.

Yours in the flawless skin journey, Nafisah NK